TOEFL Reading Practice #13

Instruction: Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Passage: The Role of Biodiversity in Climate Resilience

Biodiversity, the variety of life forms on Earth, plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting climate resilience. Ecosystems with rich biodiversity tend to be more robust, capable of withstanding and recovering from climatic disturbances such as droughts, floods, and temperature fluctuations.

One reason for this resilience is the concept of ecological redundancy. In a biodiverse system, multiple species often perform similar ecological functions. For example, in a forest, several plant species might provide food for herbivores. If one species is lost due to environmental changes, others can fill its role, ensuring the ecosystem’s survival.

Biodiversity also enhances ecosystem services that directly impact human well-being. Forests, wetlands, and coral reefs, for instance, act as natural barriers, reducing the impact of storms and flooding. Similarly, diverse agricultural systems are more likely to withstand pests and diseases, reducing the risk of crop failure.

However, human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and overfishing are reducing biodiversity at an alarming rate. This loss weakens ecosystems, making them more vulnerable to climate change. Conservation efforts, such as establishing protected areas and promoting sustainable practices, are essential for preserving biodiversity and enhancing climate resilience.

Looking ahead, integrating biodiversity into climate policies will be critical. By valuing the interconnectedness of species and ecosystems, humanity can mitigate the effects of climate change while ensuring a sustainable future.

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